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Open Access (OA), a movement within academia to promote unrestricted access to scholarly material for both researchers and the general public.
OA exists because of the increased opportunities for accessibility that arose with the Internet culture.
Not only did academic publishing become a near monopoly of a handful of companies, but subscription costs have soared, increasing by as much as 400% in less than a decade. Such increases have created what is known as the serial crisis ("serial" in this case being a synonym for periodicals).
http://www.linux.com/archive/feature/118139
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